中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

南昌国际陆港春运现场：年货装车忙 出海效率高******

　　(新春见闻)南昌国际陆港春运现场：年货装车忙 出海效率高

　　中新社南昌1月7日电 题：南昌国际陆港春运现场：年货装车忙 出海效率高

　　中新社记者 李韵涵

　　1月7日是2023年中国春运首日。一辆由53节车厢组成，满载服装、电器等年货物资的集装箱货物班列从南昌国际陆港出发，开启这些年货物资的“出海之旅”。

　　不沿江、不靠海的南昌国际陆港位于江西省南昌县向塘镇。向塘镇一直以来都以中国南方最大的交通枢纽重镇而闻名，依托江南最大编组站——向塘西编组站，江西南部地区七成货物经由这里发往全国各地，是江西重要物流节点和货物集散地。

　　中新社记者走进南昌国际陆港看到，春运来临，港内的物流基地显露出繁忙，一个个集装箱在门吊的作业下进行装车，放眼望去，难以肉眼计数的集装箱正排列整齐等待装车。

　　“这趟列车在春运首日开出，上面装着服装、日用品等年货物资，在到达浙江宁波北仑港后乘船发往世界各地。”中国铁路南昌局集团有限公司向塘西车站货运车间主任邓云说，近期班列所装物资都以粮油米面、电器等年货物资为主，当前运量在逐步攀升，南昌国际陆港也正加班加点对货物进行快装快卸。

　　目前，南昌国际陆港已开通南昌至荷兰(鹿特丹)、俄罗斯(莫斯科)、白俄罗斯(明斯克、奥尔沙)、法国(巴黎)等9条国际直达班列和南昌至深圳盐田港、宁波北仑港、福建江阴港、厦门高崎港等9条铁海联运外贸班列，以及南昌至满洲里、二连浩特、霍尔果斯等3条中欧班列，覆盖全球30多个国家和地区。

　　据了解，南昌国际陆港内的向塘铁路物流基地是中国国家铁路集团有限公司在全国规划建设的33个一级物流基地之一，内部划分为办公区、商品汽车区、集装箱区、仓储区和调车场五大作业区域。此外还有铁路口岸专用线，设铁路装卸区、查验区两部分。

　　邓云表示，在南昌国际陆港开行铁路联运班列之前，南昌及周边外贸企业的商品出海，通常需要把产品千里迢迢运到海港通过海运出境，并要自己找车队去海港拉集装箱，把空箱拉回来装好货后再拉回港口，既费时费力又增加物流成本。

　　“铁路联运既节省了物流成本，又加快了出海效率。”邓云称，如今的南昌国际陆港为外贸企业提供了稳定便捷的运输方式和贸易通道，外贸货物可以搭乘国际陆港的中欧班列或铁海联运班列直接出口。

　　据统计，2022年南昌国际陆港累计发送货物18147车，36394标准箱，59.86万吨；到达货物35959车，71918标准箱，140.75万吨，铁海联运集装箱到发量稳居江西第一。(完)

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